(a) hypocotyl and epicotyl
(b) Coleoptile and coleorhiza
(c) Integument and testa
(d) Perisperm and pericarp.
(a) Hypocotyl is part of embryonic axis below level of cotyledons. It terminates with the radicle or root tip where as Epicotyl is part of embryonic axis above the level of cotyledon. It terminates with the plumule or stem tip.
(b) Coleoptile is hollow foliar sheath that surrounds the plumule where as Coleorhiza is a sheath enveloping the radical or root cap.
(c) Integument is the protective covering around ovule. It is thin and living. It is formed before fertilization where as Testa is outer covering of seed coat. It is non-living. It is formed after fertilization
(d) Perisperm is remnant of nucellus in a seed. It is dry where as Pericarp is wall of ripened ovary or fruit and may be fleshy or dry.
With a neat labelled diagram, describe the parts of a typical angiosperm ovule.
What is self-incompatibility? Why does self-pollination not lead to seed formation in self-incompatible species?
Name the parts of an angiosperm flower in which development of male and female gametophyte take place.
(a) Draw a diagrammatic sectional view of a mature anatropous ovule and label the following parts in it:
(i) that develops into seed coat.
(ii) that develops into an embryo after fertilization.
(iii) that develops into an endosperm in an albuminous seed.
(iv) through which the pollen tube grains entry into the embryo sac.
(v) that attaches the ovule to the placenta.
(b) Describe the characteristic features of wind pollinated flowers.(a) Explain the different ways apomictic seeds can develop. Give an example of each.
(b) Mention one advantage of apomictic seeds to farmers.
(c) Draw a labelled mature stage of a dicotyledonous embryo.(a) Explain the post-pollination events leading to seed production in angiosperms.
(b) List the different types of pollination depending upon the source of pollen grains.